Phytochemical Screening and Anti-Anemic Effect of the Ethanol Extract of Carica papaya Ripe Fruit Peel

Anti-Anemic Effect of the Ethanol Extract of Carica papaya Ripe Fruit Peel

Abstract

Anaemia is a common worldwide health issue, especially in impoverished nations. Conventional treatments might be harmful. As a safer option, natural plant-based treatments are being studied more and more. Objective: Using both in vitro and in vivo experimental methods, assess the phytochemical profile and anti-anaemic effectiveness of the hydroalcoholic extract (70% ethanol, 30% water) of Carica papaya ripe fruit peel. Methods: Using spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods, qualitative and quantitative phytochemical investigations were carried out to detect bioactive chemicals in the extract. After conducting homolysis and antioxidant tests in vitro, phenylhydrazine was used to induce anaemia in female Wistar rats in vivo. Rats were divided into two treatment groups (extract at 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg) and control, anaemic, and standard groups at random. Hematological and biochemical parameters, including hemoglobin, RBC count, iron, SOD, and GSH levels, were measured post-intervention. Statistical analyses included ANOVA with post hoc tests for group comparisons. Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, saponins, and alkaloids. Treatment with Carica papaya peel extract significantly improved hemoglobin, iron, SOD, and GSH levels compared to anemic controls (p<0.050), with efficacy comparable to standard therapy. Conclusions: Ethanol extract of C. papaya ripe fruit peel demonstrates potent anti-anemic and antioxidant activity, supporting its potential as a natural therapeutic option for anemia management.