Isolation of Endospore-Forming Bacteria from Milk Collected from Selected Cities of Pakistan: Endospore-Forming Bacteria from Milk in Pakistan

Sitara Jamshad; Shamsa Jabeen; Ali Hasan; Aftab Hussain; Muhammad Ahsan Raza; Shehzad Ahmad; Javed Iqbal Qazi

doi:10.54393/fbt.v4i04.124

Authors

Sitara Jamshad Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Shamsa Jabeen Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Ali Hasan Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Sub campus, Toba Tek Singh, Pakistan
Aftab Hussain Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
Muhammad Ahsan Raza Department of Zoology, Government Graduate College (Boys), Gujranwala, Pakistan
Shehzad Ahmad Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Javed Iqbal Qazi Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/fbt.v4i04.124

Keywords:

Endo-Sporogenic Bacteria, Bacterial Sensitivity, Pathogenic Microorganisms, Milk Processing

Abstract

Milk production, processing and consumption are connected to human nutritional requirements that have been inferred through the current investigation conducted involving the microbiological examination of milk samples from different cities of Pakistan. Objective: To investigate the isolation of endospore-forming bacteria from milk collected from selected cities of Pakistan. Methods: Several milk samples were collected from Lahore, Gujranwala and Sheikhupura for microbiological evaluation and antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Isolation and characterization employing different morphological and biochemical tests was done which showed a heavy load of Bacillus endospore-forming bacterial species. Results: The results revealed that all the samples were contaminated with endospores-forming bacteria. Highly effective drugs in this study included Azithromycin, Rifampicin and Chloramphenicole resulted in 97%, 95.5% and 95.5% bacterial sensitivity respectively whereas Novobiocin was found to be 88.8% and Amoxilin showed 84.4% efficacy against bacterial Isolates. Metronidazole and Cefaxitin were found to be the least sensitive up to 44.4% and 17.7% respectively. Cefaxitin and Metronidazole were the most resistant medicines recorded at 83.3% and 66.6% respectively. In the case of metals, the bacterial sensitivity was found to be much lower i.e. at 1% Zn concentration, the highest recorded sensitivity was 51.1%. Bacterial Isolates were found to be highly resistant against Fe and Pb (1% metal concentration) and showed 0% and 2.2% sensitivity respectively. Conclusions: It was concluded that for the eradication of harmful endo-sporogenic bacteria in drinking milk, samples should be obtained employing efficient and safe standard antibacterial protocols for milk processing.

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