A Comprehensive Review of Dengue Fever: Epidemiological Trends, Diagnostic Approaches, Novel Therapeutic Strategies, and Challenges in Vaccine Advancement over the Past Five Years in the Context of Globalization and Climatic Change : Dengue Fever: Novel Therapeutic Strategies and Vaccine Advancement

Nimra Yousaf; Ahmad Raza; Nimra Batool; Abubakar Sheikh; Fiza Babar; Adeeba Ali

doi:10.54393/fbt.v4i03.154

Authors

Nimra Yousaf Department of Biotechnology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Ahmad Raza Department of Biotechnology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Nimra Batool Department of Biotechnology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Abubakar Sheikh Department of Biotechnology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Fiza Babar Department of Biotechnology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Adeeba Ali Department of Biotechnology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/fbt.v4i03.154

Keywords:

Dengue fever, Epidemiological Trends, Diagnostic Approaches, Climatic Change

Abstract

Dengue fever, which is caused by the dengue virus and primarily disseminated by Aedes mosquitoes, constitutes a significant global health issue, indicating 400 million infections and 22,000 fatalities each year. The clinical presentation of the disease varies widely, encompassing both asymptomatic manifestations and severe forms such as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS), particularly during secondary infections attributable to antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). The increasing incidence is influenced by several factors, including climate change, globalization, and urbanization, resulting in recurrent epidemics, particularly in Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent. The current diagnostic methodologies encounter difficulties, often intersecting with other medical conditions, thereby necessitating the implementation of advanced techniques for precise identification. Management predominantly entails supportive care and traditional interventions, while substantial deficiencies persist in the realm of effective therapeutic alternatives and vaccine innovation. Notwithstanding advancements with live attenuated vaccines, a universally effective vaccine has yet to be achieved. Ongoing research is imperative to confront these challenges and establish effective preventive measures against dengue fever.

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