An Analysis of Bibliometric Research on Sumatriptan (Imitrex, Tosymra) Linked to Migraine

Episodic headaches are a common neurovascular disorder called migraine characterized by a throbbing pain that is typically felt on one side of the brain, however it can occasionally affect both sides. However, no visual bibliometric analysis has been conducted on the effects of sumatriptan on migraine over the past 10 years. Objective: To identify the current status and emerging trends of the global use of sumatriptan associated with the relief of migraine from 2011 to 2022. Methods: Approximately 3154 publications (500 from PubMed and 2654 from dimensions) in CSV format were exported from PubMed and dimensions to VOS viewer. The keywords applied for searching were “sumatriptan” and “sumatriptan in migraine”. Results: The results of bibliometric analysis of the occurrence of keywords by VOS viewer revealed the top four most occurring keywords as “effect”, “relief”, “model”, and “mechanism”. The bibliometric analysis for the graphical distribution of a maximum number of articles by countries in 2011-2022 reveals Germany, the US, and Australia as the top three countries. The analysis for a maximum number of publications by organizations in 2011-2022 showed the top three organizations with a maximum number of articles are “Headache Core Center, Spring�eld, USA”, “Monte�ore Medical Center, USA”, and “Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University”. Conclusions: The compiled data of this exploration will make it easier for other academic research work to �nd authentic and fruitful results for complex future studies.

Episodic headaches are a common neurovascular disorder called migraine characterized by a throbbing pain that is typically felt on one side of the brain, however it can occasionally affect both sides.However, no visual bibliometric analysis has been conducted on the effects of sumatriptan on migraine over the past 10 years.Objective: To identify the current status and emerging trends of the global use of sumatriptan associated with the relief of migraine from 2011 to 2022.Methods: Approximately 3154 publications (500 from PubMed and 2654 from dimensions) in CSV format were exported from PubMed and dimensions to VOS viewer.The keywords applied for searching were "sumatriptan" and "sumatriptan in migraine".Results: The results of bibliometric analysis of the occurrence of keywords by VOS viewer revealed the top four most occurring keywords as "effect", "relief", "model", and "mechanism".The bibliometric analysis for the graphical distribution of a maximum number of articles by countries in 2011-2022 reveals Germany, the US, and Australia as the top three countries.The analysis for a maximum number of publications by organizations in 2011-2022 showed the top three organizations with a maximum number of articles are "Headache Core Center, Spring eld, USA", "Monte ore Medical Center, USA", and "Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University".Conclusions: The compiled data of this exploration will make it easier for other academic research work to nd authentic and fruitful results for complex future studies.
vomiting, tingling or numbness in the extremities, and extreme sensitivity to sound, light, and smell [12,13].If untreated, a migraine attack typically lasts from 4 hours to 72 hours [12].Globally, acupuncture therapy has been used to treat migraines [14].A 2016 study on the global burden of disease estimates that 1.04 billion people worldwide experience migraines, with a 14.4% global prevalence rate [15][16][17].Women are three times more likely than men to experience migraines, and the likelihood of migraine in children rises with age [18].Additionally, about 10% of elderly people experience migraines annually [19].The majority of disabilities in the world are caused by migraines, which account for one-third of lost years of disability-adjusted life [20].Sumatriptan nasal spray (Tosymra; Promius Pharma/Dr.Reddy's Laboratories) was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on January 27, 2019, for the immediate treatment of migraine in adults with or without aura [21].Aura is a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine1B/1D (5-HT1B/1D) receptor agonist is a sumatriptan nasal spray [22].In 1992, the FDA approved Imitrex, a subcutaneous injection form of sumatriptan, to treat migraines [23].If the patient does not respond to the rst treatment for the migraine attack before using sumatriptan nasal spray for subsequent migraine attacks [24], the diagnosis should be reevaluated [25].It is not advised to use sumatriptan nasal spray to treat or prevent cluster headaches [26].Sumatriptan is a selective 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonist [27,28].Sumatriptan exerts agonist effects on 5-HT1B/1D receptors found on intracranial blood vessels and trigeminal sensory nerves [29].This causes constriction of the cranial vessel and inhibits the release of pro-in ammatory neuropeptides [28].Therefore, A comprehensive bibliometric analysis of sumatriptanon migraine from 2011 to 2022 using Pubmed and VOSviewer was done by integrating the knowledge from map of nations, organizations, writers, keywords, and cited references.This study offers an alternative viewpoint on the practice of using sumatriptan to treat migraines.Despite many limitations, this data thoroughly depicts the global migraine trend.Publications are generally on the rise, with a higher growth rate from 2011 to 2022 than from 2010 to 2019.review or those unrelated to migraine.To facilitate analysis, relevant data was extracted, such as the abstract, journal information, authors, title, and year of publication.VOSviewer was used to import the data for the bibliometric study.The citation network visualization and analysis, coauthorship patterns, and keyword occurrences capabilities of this software led to its selection.Keywords like " m i g r a i n e " , "e p i d e m i o l o g y " , " t r e a t m e n t " , a n d "pathophysiology" were chosen in accordance to the o b j e c t i v e s o f t h e s t u d y.A s e c o n d r e s e a r c h e r independently analyzed a random sample of 3154 articles to verify the accuracy of the data ( gure 1).
The PubMed and Dimension databases were implemented and the search technique applied.The following keywords were used in a comprehensive examination of PubMed: "migraine", "headache", "neurology", etc.To ensure that only peer-reviewed articles published between 2011 and 2022 were included, lters were implemented.Articles that were published in English and had a primary focus on migraines were included.Excluded studies were those without peer

Bibliometric Analysis of Publication Output
The Bibliometric analysis on sumatriptan in migraine using Vosviewer was performed after extracting the data from dimensions and Pubmed.The total number of publications available online for retrieval was 3154 (2654 exported from dimensions from 2011-2-22 and 500 exported from Pubmed from 2011-2022).The gure 2 shows 2015 has the highest number of publications as compared to other years.A total of 3154 publications (500 from PubMed and 2654 from dimensions) were exported in CSV format to the VOS viewer.The bibliometric analysis of keywords showed "effect", "relief", "model", and "mechanism" as the top four keywords.The graphical analysis of countries reveals Germany, the US, and Australia as the top three countries with the maximum number of publications from 2011-2022.While the bibliometric analysis of organizations reveals "Headache Core Center, Spring eld,USA", "Monte ore Medical Center, USA", and "Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University" as the top three centers for publishing a maximum number of articles.

Bibliometric Analysis of Keywords
The keywords in a research study are crucial since they reveal an in-depth understanding of the research topic.Systematic keyword analysis on that topic can be used in better understanding of research gaps and growth patterns in a discipline.In order to evaluate the strength of links between different keywords, it is common to practise to examine the cooccurrence of keywords in numerous articles.A link is a pair of elements that occur together, such as a keyword, and the number of cited references between them is represented by total link strength.The number of published data in articles also indicate how frequent the migraine cases are reported.Each cluster's circles and letters show how closely related the individual keywords are to one another.The size of the circle is closely related to how frequently a keyword appears in the title and abstract.As a result, the frequency of letters and circles affects their size.The more often a keyword appears, the bigger the letters and circles get.The lines' thickness reveals the relative strength of pairs of keywords, and each shade represents a group of terms.The length of the lines reveals a rough correlation between the term's repetition (Figure 3).The intensity between the countries and the frequency of their co-authorship publications are indicated by the distance between the clusters on the map and the lines linking them.This provides a decent indication of the power of collaborations between nations in the research of tourism and sustainability as shown in gure 4. The minimum number of documents published by a country required to take part in research was set to 3. Out of 33 countries, 21 met the threshold criteria.The top three countries for publishing the maximum number of articles were Germany with 436 publications (citations= 3554, total link strength =38), the U.S with 93 publications (citations=3109, total link strength=35), and Australia with 40 publications (citations=105, total link strength =3).The total 19 keywords (items) were distributed into a total of 7 clusters, of which cluster 1 has 4countries (red color), cluster 2 contains 4countries (green color), cluster 3 contains 3countries (dark blue color), cluster 4 has 3 keywords (yellow color), cluster 5 has 2 keywords (purple color),cluster 6 has 2 countries (light blue), and cluster 7 has 1 country (orange color) as shown in gure 4. The list of all countries divided into clusters is mentioned in table 2.  were distributed into a total of 2 clusters, of which cluster 1 has 4organizations (red color), and cluster 2 contains 3 organizations (green colors shown in gure 5.The list of all countries divided into clusters is mentioned in table 3.

Bibliometric Analysis of Organizations
The minimum number of documents published by an organization required to take part in research was set to 3. Out of 1053 institutions, 15 met the threshold criteria.The top three institutions for publishing a maximum number of articles were Headache Core Center, Spring eld, MO, USA with 7 publications (total link strength =2), Monte ore Medical Center, Bron X, NY, USA with 6 publications (total link strength=12), and Experimental Medicine Research Centre, Tehran University with 5 publications (total link strength =2).The total 7 organizations keywords (items)  =2).This investigation has a number of limitations.First, despite the fact that the search technique looks for MeSH subject word synonyms in PubMed, it can still overlook certain material.Furthermore, the capacity of the dimension to eliminate duplication is constrained, which could skew the ndings of the study.Just a Pubmed analysis was done, therefore the general trend may not be accurately represented.Furthermore, the criteria we apply need to be further enhanced because part of the material will be published online ahead of time, which will lead to inconsistencies between the date of collection and publication.

Figure 1 :
Figure 1: Flowchart for bibliometric analysis of sumatriptan in migraine from the year 2011-2022

Figure 2 :
Figure 2: Graphical representation of several publication publications on sumatriptan in migraine from the year 2011 to 2022.

Figure 3 :
Figure 3: Co-occurrence of keywords visualized in a network

Figure 4 :
Figure 4: Network Visualization of Countries.The gure is a representation of the geographical analysis of countries for publications on sumatriptan use in migraine from the data extracted from dimensions 2011-2022.The top 3 countries with the maximum number of publications include Germany, U.S., and Australia.

Figure 7 :
Figure 7: Network Visualization of Organizations The gure is a representation of network visualization of organizations who have publications on sumatriptan use in migraine from the data extracted from dimensions and PubMed 2011-2022.Greater number of associations come under the red cluster zone.

Table 2 :
Bibliometric Analysis of countries in Publications on sumatriptan in migraine

Table 3 :
Bibliometric Analysis of organizations who published data on sumatriptan in migrane

Cluster 2 (3 items) Green Color
growth rate for2000-2009 (7.999%)is greater than the growth rate analysis in the years of2010-2019 (5.348%).The slope of the linear regression equation is also compared with 2000-2009.It was also observed that the highest number of publications were reported in in 2014 as compared to other years[30].It is worthwhile to note that in the era of COVID-19, about 50% of migraine sufferers said that their regular discomfort got worse during the lockdown.A worsening of the migraineurs' clinical course was associated with altered triggers and the psychological effects of the lockdown .In 2011-2022, out of 33 countries, 21 met the threshold criteria.The top three countries for publishing the maximum number of articles were Germany with 436 publications (citations= 3554, total link strength =38), the U.S with 93 publications (citations=3109, total link strength=35), and Australia with 40 publications (citations=105, total link strength =3).The top 3 countries with a maximum number of publications on sumatriptan use in migraines from 2011-2022 include Germany, the U.S., and Australia[31].In 2011-2022, the top three organizations for publishing the maximum number of articles were Headache Core Center, Spring eld, MO, USA with 7 publications (total link strength =2), Monte ore Medical Center, Bron X, NY, USA with 6 publications (total link strength=12), and Experimental Medicine Research Centre, Tehran University with 5 publications (total link strength average