Futuristic Biotechnology

DNA Vaccines Against Foot-and-Mouth Disease: A Novel Biotechnological Strategy

2025-05-21T06:07:14+00:00

This review article points out the Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) as a major global animal disease of serious economic importance and limitations of conventional inactivated whole-virus vaccines. It gives DNA vaccine technology as a potential and safer way of achieving immunity by expressing microbial antigens in host cells and thereby eliciting both humoral and cellular immunity responses. The principles and mechanisms of the DNA vaccines are described in the article: antigen presentation, activation of T- T-cells, as well as the functions of adjuvants, the delivery methods, and electroporation, gene gun, and nanoparticles in the increasing of their efficacy. In addition, it summarizes the advancement in the FMD DNA vaccines against diverse viral proteins such as VP1 and the P1 polyprotein, reviews conducted experimental studies and studies in efficacy trials on animal models and the targeted livestock animal.

Recent Advances in 3D Bioprinting and Biofabrication

2025-05-24T06:54:36+00:00

Biomedical technology has gone beyond the limit due to the 3D bioprinting and biofabrication, to create a new regenerative medicine. To explore the advancements in biomedical technology through 3D bioprinting and biofabrication, with a focus on their applications in regenerative medicine and the development of functional tissue and organ constructs. This paper reviewed key bioprinting technologies, bioink components, and advanced biofabrication strategies including nanomaterials and organoid-based methods. The review highlights tissue engineering potential and challenges in biofabrication, emphasizing emerging solutions like 4D bioprinting, organ-on-chip systems, and AI integration. Translating bioprinting advances into clinical therapies demands interdisciplinary collaboration and integration of emerging technologies to overcome current barriers.

Potential of Plant Bioactive Compounds for the Treatment of Cancer

2025-07-19T04:49:41+00:00

Cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Despite recent advances, current chemotherapeutic options often have undesirable side effects, and the development of resistance limits their long-term effectiveness. The botanical kingdom contains a vast repository of phytochemicals with varying biological activities. This review examines the anticancer potential of various classes of plant bioactive compounds. Specific alkaloids like berberine demonstrate remarkable apoptosis induction through mitochondrial stress and caspase activation in numerous cancer cell lines. Curcumin modulates multiple oncogenic pathways, including PI3K/Akt, Wnt/β-catenin, and MAPK signaling. Resveratrol elicits favorable anti-tumor responses through intrinsic apoptosis, autophagy stimulation, and antiangiogenic effects. Promising preclinical studies have elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms by which bioactive components such as quercetin, genistein, and epigallocatechin gallate exert chemopreventive effects. While intensive research is still required, progress in standardizing extracts, isolating marker compounds, and clinical testing validates nature's treasure as a source for novel anticancer options. Future studies should focus on overcoming translational barriers to move these promising compounds from bench to bedside.

Exploring Thermostable Lipases: Molecular Innovations and Expanding Industrial Horizons

2025-08-15T05:41:16+00:00

Thermostable lipases are crucial biocatalysts valued for their stability and functionality in both aqueous and non-aqueous environments, enabling efficient catalysis at elevated temperatures. These enzymes, derived from both wild-type and genetically engineered strains, exhibit unique properties that make them indispensable across diverse industrial sectors. Despite their potential, challenges remain in optimizing their production, purification, and characterization to meet specific application requirements ranging from highly purified pharmaceutical formulations to less refined industrial uses. This review consolidates recent advances in the isolation, engineering, and detailed characterization of thermostable lipases, highlighting their substrate specificity, catalytic efficiency, enantioselectivity, and tolerance to harsh conditions. Emphasis is placed on emerging molecular innovations and metagenomic approaches for discovering novel enzymes with enhanced industrial applicability. By bridging fundamental insights with practical applications, this overview aims to guide future research and development efforts in harnessing thermostable lipases for expanding biotechnological horizons.

Histopathological Evaluation of Liver Tissue Post-Treatment with Hemostatic Agents in Hyperfibrinolysis-Induced Injury: A Comparative Study

2025-07-19T06:33:01+00:00

Liver trauma complicated by hyperfibrinolysis leads to uncontrolled hemorrhage and systemic coagulopathy, posing significant challenges in clinical management. Objective: To analyze histopathological and clinical changes in hepatic tissue after using hemostatic agents TXA, OCR, and Surgiflo to examine volume of blood loss, duration of blood loss, tissue healing, fibrosis, and inflammation. Methods: A total of 48 rabbits were systematically assigned to four distinct cohorts placing 12 rabbits in each group: Control, Tranexamic Acid (TXA), Oxidized Regenerated Cellulose (ORC), and Surgiflo. Uniform hepatic injuries were surgically induced in all liver specimens. After that, each cohort had the prescribed course of treatment. Time to hemostasis, blood loss volume, D-dimer levels, survival rate, and liver tissue histology were the primary outcomes that were measured. Results: Out of all the groups, Surgiflo had the quickest hemostasis and the least amount of blood loss. The Surgiflo and ORC groups showed better tissue healing, with less fibrosis and mild inflammation, according to histological analysis. The TXA and Control groups, on the other hand, had slower tissue healing and more infiltration of inflammatory cells. Conclusions: Surgiflo was found to be the most successful treatment for liver damage with hyperfibrinolysis based on both clinical and histological results. The outcomes validate its application as a dependable choice for reducing hemorrhage and encouraging tissue repair in cases of complicated liver damage.

Physico-chemical Analysis and Metallic Contamination of Reused Oil and Savory Snacks Available at University Canteens

2025-08-18T08:12:16+00:00

Edible oils play a crucial role in our daily diet, providing energy, essential fatty acids, and vitamins. Frying is a common method for preparing many foods, but the deep-frying process can alter the composition of both oil and food. Objectives: To assess the potential health risks associated with the consumption of reused oil and savory snacks. Methods: A total of 25 oil samples, including Before Frying Oil (BFO) and After Frying Oil (AFO), as well as snack samples (samosa and pakora), were collected from the canteens of Sindh University, Jamshoro, Pakistan. Blood samples were collected from students studying at the main campus of Sindh University, Jamshoro, and control samples were also collected from individuals of the same age and gender. Elements like copper (Cu), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and chromium (Cr) were analyzed from oil, blood and snacks samples by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results: Metals like Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Cr increased along with Zn decreased in AFO samples whereas all metals like Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Cr were found increased and Zn decreased in blood of consumers, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Cr decreased in Samosa and Zn increased in Savory samples. Conclusions: Used cooking oil is dangerous for human health. People should avoid buying contaminated food items, especially savory snacks, from open markets because they are harmful to health.

STEM Education Unites a Divided World

2025-06-19T08:01:47+00:00

The political tensions and the clash of cultures separate the countries as never before. However, in one field, there is hope for peace in the world of STEM education. The world speaks the same language in mathematics, physics, and engineering. A chemical reaction in Seoul will do the same in São Paulo. This common base opens areas of cooperation that are beyond borders and ideologies. Common problem-solving styles are taught in STEM education. When learning to solve a problem about robotics competition or climate research together, students in different countries find the things they have in common and forget about the differences in culture. This unity may be illustrated by the International Mathematical Olympiad, which has been operating since 1959, when students of more than 100 nations compete with one another using the same mathematical principles in spite of a huge diversity in their backgrounds.

This unifying effect has research to back it up. Research by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development in 2019 revealed that nations with robust STEM research collaborations internationally displayed a 23 percent rise in scientific advancements and innovation. On the same note, the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor conducted at MIT showed that disparate groups of STEM have a 35% increase in the number of patents than homogenous groups. Somehow, big obstacles exist anyway. The digital divide is generated due to a lack of equality in education- advanced nations are equipped with the latest facilities, while basic equipment is not available in poor states. Such inequality only tends to deepen the already existing rifts instead of reversing them. The barriers also come in the form of cultural resistance. Other societies will not embrace principles that contradict traditional beliefs and may therefore reduce the integration of STEM.These are aggravated by gender barriers. In the report published by UNESCO in 2020, it was revealed that women make up a mere 28 percent of the researchers working in STEM areas, and participation remains even lower in studies in countries with social limits. This marginalization is the waste of human talent and division. Revolutionary technologies democratize STEM education globally. Virtual reality enables equal laboratory experiences from Bangladesh to Boston. European Space Agency simulators connect 50,000 students across 30 countries. Cloud platforms like GitHub host 200 million student projects worldwide. AI tutors operate in 46 languages, personalizing learning while maintaining scientific accuracy. The STEM education establishes world harmony to global standards of scientific realities, where diplomacy cannot make a mark. This possibility lies in the COVID-19 vaccine partnership and the International Space Station. To succeed, we should eradicate inequalities, make investments, and break down the barriers. We have a choice to make: we can use STEM as a unifier, or the rifts in the world can get even wider.